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Bulgarian Millet
Bulgarian Millet or Bulgar Millet was an ethno-religious and linguistic community within the Ottoman Empire from the mid-19th to early 20th century. Initially the Millet were recognized as the Bulgarian Uniates, and then the Bulgarian Orthodox Christians (''Eksarhhâne-i Millet i Bulgar'').〔Evolutionary Theory and Ethnic Conflict
Praeger Series in Political Communication, Patrick James, David Goetze, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001, ISBN 0275971430, (pp. 159-160. )〕 At that time the classical Ottoman Millet-system began to degrade with the continuous identification of the religious creed with ethnic identity and the term ''millet'' was used as a synonym of ''nation''.〔Nationalist Exclusion and Ethnic Conflict: Shadows of Modernity, Andreas Wimmer, Cambridge University Press, 2002, ISBN 052101185X, (pp. 171-172. )〕 In this way, in the struggle for recognition of a separate Church, the modern Bulgarian nation was created.〔A Concise History of Bulgaria, R. J. Crampton, Cambridge University Press, 2005, ISBN 0521616379, (p. 74. )〕 The establishment of the Bulgarian Exarchate in 1870, meant in practice recognition of a separate Bulgarian nationality,〔The Making of a Nation in the Balkans: Historiography of the Bulgarian Revival, Rumen Daskalov, Central European University Press, 2004, ISBN 9639241830, (p. 1 ).〕 and in this case the religious affiliation became a consequence of national allegiance.〔Stefan Stambolov and the Emergence of Modern Bulgaria, 1870-1895, Duncan M. Perry, Duke University Press, 1993, ISBN 0822313138, (p. 7. )〕 The founding of an independent church, along with the revival of Bulgarian language and education, were the crucial factors that strengthened the national consciousness and revolutionary struggle, that led to the creation of an independent nation-state in 1878.
==History==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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